Mauro de Lorenzo has a short essay on the expansion of China in the African continent. Unfortunately, Lorenzo paints an ambiguous picture of the Chinese’s presence of the continent, which doesn’t explain fully the situation. Sugary excerpt:
Africa does not want to be forced to choose between China and the West. It sees Europe, the United States, and China as able to offer different kinds of investment and aid (which do not necessarily overlap), and wants to enjoy the benefits of strong relations with all. The United States may have to make greater efforts to reassure African partners on this score.
Another set of worries concerns the impact of Chinese competition on African enterprises and African exports. Chinese textile imports have decimated Nigeria's domestic production, forcing many factories to close. South Africa's textile industry was saved only through a bilateral agreement between the governments to voluntarily limit Chinese imports, though this is a temporary measure. Chinese traders in both rural and urban African markets, who can obtain consumer goods from China more cheaply through their networks, are usually able to undercut African traders, which breeds resentment. Michael Sata, a Zambian opposition politician, significantly boosted his support in last year's presidential election by running on an anti-China platform popular with urban traders and mineworkers upset with wage and labor conditions. African governments and unions are also worried about labor and environmental standards in Chinese enterprises, and about safety standards in Chinese imports, especially given that they usually do not have the capacity to conduct inspections and enforce laws.
Finally, there are some worries about governance, particularly as evidence mounts that Chinese firms are only too happy to bribe their way to lucrative contracts. The anti-corruption and good governance agenda is no longer only a "Western" agenda: it is shared by African people and many African leaders, and is expressed in continental agreements. In fact, to the extent that China's aid and investment increase tax revenue and create "policy space" for Africa governments by reducing their intellectual dependence on donor agencies, it may actually be a boon to the quality of African democracy.
As one African leader commented privately, "Their game is clear. They say, I'll build you a road, if you give me that mine. They are completely transparent." But this is said without malice or surprise. The lesson for the United States is that it is okay to have a more "normal," interests-based foreign policy with African partners that transcends humanitarian rhetoric.
Lorenzo fails to see the forest through the trees because although it is true that Africans have concerns about the growing Chinese influence in Africa, most of them welcome it precisely because it gives them the luxury to be coveted and to have choices. My take on the issue is that the Chinese influence is increasing in Africa because other major powers have taken Africans for granted. One only has to read Sarkozy’s speech in his trip to Dakar as the president of France in which he asserted that the problem of Africa was that the Black man has never entered history and to examine the controversy that it caused to understand the sensitive and explosive relationship that exists between Africa, former colonizing powers, and the West. However, I think that the United States precisely because it was never a colonizing power in Africa have opportunities on that continent, by offering to Africans a more pragmatic relationship, which isn’t as stained by history and sentimentality. China is taking advantage not only of its increasing power, but of the fact that it isn’t a Western country and that therefore it can claim that it isnt’talking down to Africans, but talking to them as a country which resisted colonialism and which is on the verge of becoming a superpower.